//===========================================================
// IBIO Standard Input and Output
//  These methods must be copied into your program(s).
//===========================================================

   static void output(String info)
   { System.out.println(info);   }

   static void output(char info)
   { System.out.println(info);   }

   static void output(byte info)
   { System.out.println(info);   }

   static void output(int info)
   { System.out.println(info);   }

   static void output(long info)
   { System.out.println(info);   }

   static void output(double info)
   { System.out.println(info);   }

   static void output(boolean info)
   { System.out.println(info);   }

   static String input(String prompt)
   {  String inputLine = "";
      System.out.print(prompt);
      try
      {inputLine = (new java.io.BufferedReader(
              new java.io.InputStreamReader(System.in))).readLine();
      }
      catch (Exception e)
      { String err = e.toString();
      System.out.println(err);
      inputLine = "";
      }
      return inputLine;
   }

   static String inputString(String prompt)
   { return input(prompt);   }

   static String input()
   { return input("");       }

   static int inputInt()
   {  return inputInt(""); }

   static double inputDouble()
   { return inputDouble(""); }

   static char inputChar(String prompt)
   {  char result=(char)0;
      try{result=input(prompt).charAt(0);}
      catch (Exception e){result = (char)0;}
      return result;
   }

   static byte inputByte(String prompt)
   {  byte result=0;
      try{result=Byte.valueOf(input(prompt).trim()).byteValue();}
      catch (Exception e){result = 0;}
      return result;
   }

   static int inputInt(String prompt)
   {  int result=0;
      try{result=Integer.valueOf(
      input(prompt).trim()).intValue();}
      catch (Exception e){result = 0;}
      return result;
   }

   static long inputLong(String prompt)
   {  long result=0;
      try{result=Long.valueOf(input(prompt).trim()).longValue();}
      catch (Exception e){result = 0;}
      return result;
   }

   static double inputDouble(String prompt)
   {  double result=0;
      try{result=Double.valueOf(
      input(prompt).trim()).doubleValue();}
      catch (Exception e){result = 0;}
      return result;
   }

   static boolean inputBoolean(String prompt)
   {  boolean result=false;
      try{result=Boolean.valueOf(
      input(prompt).trim()).booleanValue();}
      catch (Exception e){result = false;}
      return result;
   }
//=========== end IBIO ===========================================//